Autumn Royal Grapes Seedless

1- Autumn Royal is a seedless black grape variety highly valued in the table grape market. Its berries display a deep purple-black color when ripe, with a thin skin and juicy, sweet flesh that makes it very appealing for fresh consumption. Below is an expanded, structured description tailored for marketing under Tropical Trees Nursery, including a reference table for quick access.

### Key features

- Fruit type: Seedless table grape.

- Berry color: Deep purple-black to black when mature.

- Berry size: Very large, with uniform size and attractive appearance.

- Texture and flavor: Thin skin, juicy flesh, sweet and balanced flavor, ideal for raw consumption.

- Ripening period: Timing suited for early to mid-season harvest in many winegrowing and pome-producing regions.

- Productivity: High yield with dense clusters and consistently sized berries.

### Commercial advantages

- High yield per hectare.

- Large fruit size and attractive appearance for retail and culinary markets.

- Excellent performance in repeated harvest cycles when grown with proper management.

- Good shelf life and transportability due to firm flesh and robust skin.

### Agronomic performance (general)

- Planting: Trellis system in rows with adequate spacing to support a robust root system and balanced cluster canopy.

- Crop care: Requires irrigation and nutrient management to sustain berry size and berry cluster quality; recommended practices include formation pruning, disease and vigor management.

- Optimal climate: Suited to temperate to warm climates; sensitive to frost during bud development if not protected.

### Typical production (per hectare)

- Production per hectare varies with agronomic practices, clone, rootstock, and climate.

- Under optimized table grape conditions, average yields typically range from about 25 to 40 tons per hectare per year, with potential to exceed 40 t/ha in intensive systems and with ideal irrigation and nutrition management.

- Factors influencing yield: planting density, age of the vineyard, irrigation regime, fertilization, pest/disease control, and pruning/harvest practices.

### Cultivation and management parameters

- Growing system: Trellised vines with good airflow between clusters; manage fruit load to prevent overloading and ensure uniform berry size.

- Planting spacing: Varies by clone and pruning system; typical ranges are 2.5–3.5 m between rows and 0.8–1.2 m between plants within a row.

- Pruning: Initial training pruning to establish a strong framework; annual production pruning to maintain balance between growth and yield.

- Irrigation: Prefer drip irrigation, calibrating doses to berry development stage and coloration, with soil moisture and salinity monitoring.

- Nutrition: Tailored fertilization program based on soil and leaf analyses; balanced N, P, K, and micronutrients to support fruit size and plant vigor.

- Sanitation: Monitor common vineyard pests and diseases; integrated protection plan with preventive practices and treatments as needed.

- Harvest and post-harvest: Harvest when skin coloration is uniform and flavor is sweet; careful handling to avoid bruising or damage.